Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of effective school-based SELF-control skill training on increasing psychological hardiness and SELF-EFFICACY of male students of the first secondary level.Method: This research is a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study included male students of the first secondary school in Qom city, 30 students were selected using the available sampling method and divided into two groups of 15 people completely randomly. Students in the experimental group participated in 8 sessions of the school-based SELF-control training program, and the control group did not receive training. Before and after the implementation of the intervention, both groups were evaluated using the psychological hardiness scale of Lang and Goulet (2003) and the SELF-EFFICACY scale of children and adolescents (SEQ-C). The data was analyzed using spss-22 software and through repeated measures analysis of variance test.Findings: The results showed that school-based SELF-control skill training has a significant effect on increasing students' psychological hardiness and SELF-EFFICACY (P<0.01). Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicated that school-based SELF-control skill training can be an effective intervention in increasing psychological hardiness and SELF-EFFICACY in students.

Purpose: The present research was conducted to explain creativity, based on SELF-management and creative SELF-EFFICACY by mediating of educational engagement in elementary school students with learning Difficult. Method: The research method was a descriptive-correlation method with a path analysis design in the form of structural equations. The statistics society was included of students in 4th to 6th grads with learning problems that were engaged to educate in primary schools of Arak city in the academic year of 1400-1401, which were selected 200 boys’ and girls’ students (100 each gender) with learning problems as the research sample by using the purposeful sampling method. Data gathering tools were include Colorado Questionnaire, Shaffer's creativity questionnaire, Karwowski creative SELF-EFFICACY, Houghton and Neck's SELF-management, and Wilborn's educational engagement, which were completed by teachers and parents of students with learning Difficult. The collected data were analyzed by using Pearson's correlation coefficients and path way analysis in SPSS and AMOS software. From structural equations modeling method was used to investigate the research model fitness.  Results: The findings showed that the research model have an agreeable fitness. Also acquired coefficients between variables parameters showed that meaningful direct effect of SELF-management dimensions and creative SELF-EFFICACY on educational engagement and creativity. In this means, by increasing the SELF -management and creative SELF-EFFICACY, there is a positive change in the degree of educational engagement and creativity in students with learning problems. So, the relationships between the variables of the model drawn in this research were confirmed.

Background & Aim: The challenges that patients face after intestinal ostomy surgery can lead to impaired adjustment and SELF-EFFICACY. There is evidence suggesting these variables have reciprocal effects on each other. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the correlation between adjustment and SELF-EFFICACY in patients with intestinal ostomy.Methods & Materials: This descriptive correlational study was conducted on 76 patients with intestinal ostomy hospitalized in hospitals affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences using convenience sampling method in 2015. Research instruments were comprised of the demographic and disease information questionnaire, the Stoma SELF-EFFICACY Scale, and the Ostomy Adjustment Inventory. The SPSS software v.19 using descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyze the data.Results: The results of Pearson correlation test showed a significant and positive linear correlation between the mean score of SELF-EFFICACY and the dimensions of adjustment: acceptance (P<0.001, r=0.518), anxious preoccupation (P<0.001, r=0.438), social engagement (p<0.001, r=0.488), and anger (P<0.001, r=0.384). Moreover, multiple regression analysis indicated that the dimensions of social engagement and acceptance have a significant and positive linear correlation with SELF-EFFICACY in patients with intestinal ostomy.Conclusion: The results revealed that the dimensions of social engagement and acceptance of ostomy were the most important factors in relation to SELF-EFFICACY. Therefore, in order to care for patients with intestinal ostomy especially in the early months after surgery, it was recommended to help patients adjust themselves to the physical appearance of ostomy and maintain their social engagement, by designing and implementing appropriate educational and supportive interventions.

2Background and aims: Spiritual well-being stands out as a crucial element of human health that enhances an individual's adaptive capacity. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between spiritual health and SELF-EFFICACY among nursing students at a military university in Tehran. Methods: This cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study was carried out in the years 2022-23 at a military nursing school. A total of 220 undergraduate nursing students were selected through a census method, with 190 students ultimately participating in the study. Data were collected using an individual characteristics questionnaire, the Ellison and Paltzion Spiritual Health Questionnaire, and the Sherer General SELF-EFFICACY Questionnaire. Results: The average scores for spiritual health (75. 27±6. 72) and SELF-EFFICACY (47. 92±6. 5) among nursing students fell within the moderate range. A positive and statistically significant relationship was observed between the spiritual health and SELF-EFFICACY of nursing students (r=0. 313, p<0. 001). Additionally, a positive correlation was found between SELF-EFFICACY and both educational semester (r=0. 238, p=0. 001) and age (r=0. 248, p=0. 001). However, no significant relationship was identified between spiritual health and any of the students’ individual variables. Conclusion: The findings of this study underscore the significance of spiritual health in bolstering the SELF-EFFICACY of nursing students. It is therefore recommended to focus on promoting spiritual health among nursing students as a means to enhance their SELF-EFFICACY.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the identity properties and COMPUTER anxiety with COMPUTER SELF-EFFICACY of high schools students of Amol. The research method was a correlation. The purpose of this study is an applied research. The population was 11,532 students. The sample was 390 which had been selected by cluster sampling. The research instrument was COMPUTER Anxiety Hiens Questionnaire, identity properties of NEO and COMPUTER SELF-EFFICACY Questionnaire of Morfy et al. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, multiple regression and path analysis via a simultaneous use of SPSS21 and LISREL8.80. There is a negative relationship between COMPUTER anxiety and COMPUTER SELF-EFFICACY. There is a relationship between identity properties with COMPUTER SELF-EFFICACY. Regression analysis showed that extroversion, openness, agreement, conscience and COMPUTER anxiety predict students' COMPUTER SELF-EFFICACY. The results of path analysis showed that extroversion, openness, COMPUTER anxiety, conscience through agreement effect on COMPUTER SELF-EFFICACY students. But Agreement directly affects the impact on students' COMPUTER SELF-EFFICACY. On the other hand, extroversion, openness, COMPUTER anxiety through conscience has an indirect effect on agreement indirect effect. But conscience can have a direct effect on agreement. The findings of this study are based on the use of identity properties and COMPUTER anxiety focuses on students' COMPUTER SELF-EFFICACY.

Objectives: This research was carried out with the aim of examining COMPUTER anxiety in students and its relationship with COMPUTER SELF-EFFICACY in Arak University.Method: This study is a descriptive research in which 370 students of different fields in Arak University (123 males, 218 females) which were selected using random cluster sampling method were examined. Data were gathered using COMPUTER anxiety classification measure and COMPUTER SELF-EFFICACY measure. Statistical regression, Pearson's correlation and t-test were used for data analysis. Results: Arak University students had a higher degree of anxiety than the low level. There was a significant relation between COMPUTER anxiety and COMPUTER SELF-EFFICACY (p<0.01). Among the individual variables (sex, major field, scores mean) only major field had a significant effect on predicting the basic variable (COMPUTER anxiety) (p<0.001). Also, there was no significant difference between the scores mean of COMPUTER anxiety of boys and girls, but a difference was found regarding COMPUTER SELF-EFFICACY (p<0.001).Conclusion: COMPUTER anxiety is high in Arak University students. Necessary attention and action should be carried out to reduce COMPUTER anxiety in students.

The aim of this research is analysis of the relation of the previous experience of COMPUTER with the performance in COMPUTER related-tasks with regard to the role of mediation of SELF-EFFICACY and COMPUTER anxiety which has been carried out with planning the conceptual model based on path analysis. For doing this, 282 undergraduate students (142 female and 140 male) from the Payame Noor University of Germi and bilesavar were selected through relative class sampling. They completed a questionnaire composed of a COMPUTER anxiety scale, a COMPUTER SELF- EFFICACY scale and a COMPUTER experiences questionnaire. Practical COMPUTER test scores were used to measure the performance of tasks connected to COMPUTER. The results showed that the previous COMPUTER experience has a significantly indirect effect on COMPUTER performance through the mediating role of COMPUTER anxiety and COMPUTER SELF- EFFICACY. COMPUTER anxiety has a significantly indirect effect on COMPUTER performance with the mediation of COMPUTER SELF- EFFICACY. The suggested model has a good fitness with the research data and could also explain 0.72 of the COMPUTER performance variance.

Widespread use of COMPUTERs and necessary creativity and its impact on student SELF-EFFICACY is an important factor in student success. The purpose of this study the relationship between creativity and EFFICACY of COMPUTER technology in teaching undergraduate courses are Tabatabai University. Statistical Society, undergraduate students, day and night courses in educational technology, School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University are required to study the statistical sample of 159 university students Allameh, who were selected using cluster sampling were available. Used in this test Abedi creativity and SELF-EFFICACY questionnaire scale COMPUTER Murphy, cover, Owen and that the correlation method was applied. The findings showed that 1. Between creativity and COMPUTER SELF-EFFICACY, there is a meaningful relationship, 2. Fluid and there are significant relationships among COMPUTER SELF EFFICACY (3). There is a significant relationship between COMPUTER SELF-EFFICACY and Initiative, 4. Between flexibility and COMPUTER SELF-EFFICACY there is a significant relationship, 5 There is a significant relationship between Expansion and COMPUTER SELF-EFFICACY, 6. There is no significant difference between girls and boys about rate of creativity and COMPUTER SELF-EFFICACY, 7. In this semester students of higher education of students is lower. The results of this study indicate that in different parts of the relationship between creativity and COMPUTER SELF-EFFICACY was also observed that in this case there is no significant difference between male and female students.